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1.0Animaliahttps://animalia.univ-tours.frvaggarathhttps://animalia.univ-tours.fr/author/vaggarath/Anatomie comparée - Animaliarich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="8eKNhVdvVD"><a href="https://animalia.univ-tours.fr/anatomie-comparee/">Anatomie comparée</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://animalia.univ-tours.fr/anatomie-comparee/embed/#?secret=8eKNhVdvVD" width="600" height="338" title="« Anatomie comparée » — Animalia" data-secret="8eKNhVdvVD" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">
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L’anatomie comparée est une branche de l’anatomie qui se définit par l’étude comparative de l’anatomie d’espèces différentes. Elle représente une source importante de données servant principalement à l’étude de l’évolution du vivant. L’anatomie comparée est liée à l’idée que l’organisation structurelle des organismes obéit à des règles et qu’il existe une relation entre la forme des organes et leurs fonctions. En anatomie comparée, il s’agit d’opposer non pas seulement l’apparence mais aussi la structure des organes (ex. : histologie comparée) afin de distinguer les cas d’homologie des cas de convergence évolutive. Dans cette approche d’étude, on démontre que de simples modifications dans les proportions ou le positionnement des composants des organes suffisent à en changer la fonction. L’anatomie comparée a pour objectif de déterminer la phylogénie de différentes espèces (animales, végétales, fongiques, etc.) et les processus adaptatifs de chacune d’entre elles à leur environnement.